Emergency funds are designed to be a financial lifeline when the unexpected happens. But what happens when the unexpected doesn’t let up?
Nearly 14% of Americans say they have wiped out their emergency savings as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, according to a survey conducted by CNBC and the fintech investing platform Acorns. If your emergency savings are running low because of an extended drop in income, pandemic-related or otherwise, you may be wondering what to do next.
Evaluate What You Have
The first step in managing a cash crunch is knowing what resources you have to work with and what expenses are reducing those. Even if it’s unpleasant, review your entire financial picture, including:
- How much is left in emergency savings
- How much income you’re earning, if any
- Your current budget and expenses
- Available credit you can draw on
- Assets you can sell, borrow against, or rent out
When you’re in a financial emergency, having options is essential. A clear view of your financial picture allows you to identify options that can help you adapt and survive in your new circumstances.
Note
Steer clear of high-interest borrowing options, such as payday loans or no-credit-check installment loans, as these can charge effective APRs in the triple-digit range.
Streamline Your Spending
You’re likely already cutting costs by shopping smarter for groceries, stopping automatic contributions to retirement and savings accounts, and eliminating or reducing paid monthly services (cable, satellite radio, gym membership). Some additional cost-cutting measures include:
- Increasing deductibles for insurance coverage to reduce premiums
- Reducing your tax withholding at work
- Negotiating new plans for cell phone service and internet
- A 0% balance transfer (be aware of the balance transfer fee)
Note
If you’re considering using a bill negotiation service, check the fees to make sure any potential savings you get are justified by the cost.
Reach Out to Creditors
Options are available through your lenders and creditors to help manage your debt. Some possibilities worth exploring include:
- Deferment or forbearance of student loans, including coronavirus student loan relief options
- Mortgage forbearance or loan restructuring, including coronavirus mortgage relief options
- Skip-a-payment programs for auto loans
- Credit card hardship deferment programs
Coronavirus-Related Relief
Some measures are applied automatically. For example, the CARES Act temporarily suspended payments on federal student loans through Sept. 30, 2020, and interest rates were reduced to 0% for eligible borrowers. President Joe Biden extended the forbearance period until Aug. 31, 2022.
These same student loan waivers were extended to defaulted privately held Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL) until Aug. 31, 2022. Any loan payments made retroactive to March 13, 2020, will be returned to the loan holder.
The CARES Act also included provisions for homeowners who need to stop making mortgage payments. If you had an eligible mortgage loan, you could request a forbearance for up to 18 months during which no payment would be due. And foreclosure actions on federally backed loans were delayed through July 31, 2021, including loans backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
You may have additional protections if you live in a multifamily property with financing backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. If the property owner takes a forbearance, they cannot evict you during that time. They must also notify you if that’s the case. They also cannot charge late fees or penalties for nonpayment of rent and they must give you some flexibility with paying any back rent.
Note
While you are no longer in force, if you rent, the CDC had imposed a ban on evictions for eligible individuals due to COVID-19 through Oct. 3, 2021. To have used this protection, you and each adult listed on the lease would have needed to complete a form attesting to the details of your financial situation and submit it to your landlord.
Hardship and Deferment Options
When reaching out to creditors, be candid about your financial situation, says Adem Selita, CEO and co-founder of The Debt Relief Company. “The better you describe your hardship, the better your odds of receiving more relief on your obligations.”
If a creditor offers a hardship option, make sure you understand the terms and get it in writing. Deferring mortgage payments, for example, can provide short-term relief but could mean trouble later if the terms require a large balloon payment to cover the deferred payments.
Note
Before enrolling in a hardship program, ask how it will be reported to the credit bureaus. Ideally, the lender or creditor will report your account as current as long as you adhere to the program guidelines.
Consider Tapping Your Assets
Extreme circumstances sometimes call for extreme measures. Look at your list of resources. Can you monetize any of them?
Your Home
For instance, if you own a home and have extra space, you may be able to rent it out for storage or tenancy. While renting space may be a viable option for some, consider other options if it poses a safety threat to you or your family.
Note
Review zoning ordinances in your city to make sure any rental arrangement you’re considering (especially if it’s short-term) is legal.
Selling your home to access tied-up equity is another possibility, particularly if you have an oversized mortgage payment or can no longer make mortgage payments.
Remember, your home is an investment, the price of which is subject to appreciation and depreciation based on the overall real estate market. If real estate values have appreciated significantly in your area, realizing those gains by selling your investment could be prudent.
Retirement Accounts
If you have a 401(k) or individual retirement account (IRA), tapping those assets may be an option, but only as a last resort and perhaps not even then. The CARES Act made it possible to withdraw up to $100,000 from a 401(k) or IRA through Dec. 30, 2020, without triggering the 10% early withdrawal penalty.
But depleting your retirement accounts can have significant negative consequences for your long-term financial health. When you withdraw retirement funds early, you miss out on compound interest. Even if you put the money back later, you may not have enough time to make up for the lost growth.
Note
If your situation is particularly dire, consider that retirement accounts are generally protected during bankruptcy proceedings.
Look for Financial Assistance
Depending on your situation, you may qualify for help with energy bills, phone bills, cash assistance, and housing assistance. Programs worth exploring include:
Kari Lorz, personal finance expert and founder of Money for the Mamas, recommends checking with your employer and employee benefits package to see if assistance is available, such as hardship grants and service plan discounts.
Most importantly, don’t panic if your savings are running low. “If you have an emergency and no emergency fund, the first thing to do is to breathe,” Lorz says. “You will find a way, it may just take some digging.”